中国阐释学的兼性主体与话语

• 作者： 李建中 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  武汉大学
• 提交时间：2024-06-05

摘要: “兼”之语义内蕴阐释学意味:“兼持二禾”是阐释主体 (人手)与阐释对象 (二禾)的相遇,而 “兼”之持二禾、容三秋、倍驿程、济天下的语义递增则是阐释空间的扩展。华夏文明的兼性智慧构成中国阐释学主体及行为的文化基因及语义根柢,以 “兼”为词根,墨子标举 “兼士”“兼君”,庄子感言 “兼怀万物”,《尔雅》并列 “我”的14种兼称,《诗经》“嗟我怀人”兼怀“你”“我”。中国阐释学主体的 “兼”,包容穷达兼善的身份主体、三教兼宗的思想主体和四部兼备的知 识主体,较之西方现象学主体的 “间”更为宽裕广博。兼性主体创生兼性话语,汉语的语义兼训与语用兼类,指向汉语阐释的寓象、重言和随境,形成兼性话语的“诗”兼三训、 “文”兼三性和 “语”兼三言。关于 “兼”的语义训诂和知识考古,或可为中国阐释学主体及话语的概念标识提供可行性路径。

Abstract: The semantic meaning of the Chinese character jian (compatible/concurrent) contains hermeneutic implications: “holding two seedlings simultaneously” is the encounter between the interpretive subject (the human hand) and the interpretive object (the two seedlings), while the semantic increase in “holding two seedlings simultaneously, containing three seasons, traveling at double speed, and benefiting the world” is the expansion of the explanatory space. The wisdom of the compatibility or concurrent nature of Chinese civilization constitutes a cultural gene and is the semantic foundation of the subject and behavior of Chinese hermeneutics. Taking jian as a root word, Mozi praised “compatible scholars” and “compatible monarchs,” and Zhuangzi commented on “encompassing all things.” Er Ya lists fourteen alternative terms for the word “I” (the subject). “Somebody” in the phrase “I miss somebody” in the Book of Songs can mean both “you” and “I.” As the subject in Chinese hermeneutics, jian includes the subject’s position, with benefits whether rich or poor; the subject of thought in ConfucianismTaoismChinese Buddhism; and the subject of knowledge, with the four forms of knowledge at one’s fingertips. The Chinese usage is more abundant and extensive than that of the subject in Western phenomenology. The subject of compatibility creates a compatibility discourse that refers to the compatibility of semantics and pragmatics in Chinese. Through imagery, emphasis on language, and contextual transformation, the compatibility discourse of shi poetry is formed with three types of exegesis, while wen (essays) is formed with three properties and yu (language) with three forms. The semantic interpretation and knowledge archaeology of jian may provide a feasible path for the conceptual identification of the subject and discourse of Chinese hermeneutics.

• 分类： 中国语言文学 >> 文艺学
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《中国社会科学》 2024年 第3期 “中国式现代化与中国自主的知识体系”专栏
• 转载期刊： 复印报刊资料《文艺理论》 2024年 第8期
• 引用： PSSXiv:202406.00250 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202406.00250V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202406.00250
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202406.00250
• 推荐引用方式： 李建中.中国阐释学的兼性主体与话语.中国社会科学,2024(3).[PSSXiv:202406.00250V1] (点此复制)