环境污染损害赔偿责任成立中的被告行政违法性

• 作者： 董宜君 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  中国政法大学民商经济法学院
• 提交时间：2024-10-31

摘要: 环境污染侵权中，行政法义务因与侵权法义务在个人权益保护上相配合而在损害赔偿责任成立的认定上发挥事实证明和法律评价的作用，但这些作用因其在个人权益保护上的局限而受到限制。基于行政法义务的分类，可从规范、个体、时空三个维度描述被告的行政违法性。在责任成立判定阶段，被告行政违法性主要在环境污染损害赔偿责任事实构成和损害救济范围的判断中适用。事实构成判断中，被告行政违法性为污染行为要件提供直接证据，为客观精神损害和因果关系推定中的关联性提供间接证据。损害救济判断中，法官应对健康权受损所生精神损害、财产权受损所生财产损害、经济利益损害可否受救济进行利益衡量。被告行政违法性是法官利益衡量的重要考量因素，主要影响法官对被告合法利益、被告主观过错程度、被告行为方式以及公共利益的判断。

Abstract: In environmental pollution infringement, administrative law obligations play the roles of factual proof and legal evaluation in the determination of the establishment of liability for damages due to the coordination with tort law obligations in the protection of individual rights and interests, but these roles are limited due to the limitations of administrative law in protecting individual rights and interests. Based on the classification of administrative law obligations, the defendant’s administrative illegality can be described in three dimensions: normative, individual, and spatio-temporal. In the stage of liability establishment judgment, the defendant’s administrative illegality mainly applies to the factual composition judgment and damage relief scope judgment of environmental pollution damage liability. In the judgment of factual composition, the administrative illegality of the defendant provides direct evidence for the act of polluting, and indirect evidence for the objective mental damage and the relevance in the presumption of causality. In the judgment of damage relief, the judge shall decide whether the mental damage arising from the damage to the right to health, the property damage arising from the damage to the right to property, and the damage to economic interests can be subject to relief through weighing different interests. Defendant’s administrative illegality is an important consideration in the judge’s interest measurement, which mainly affects the judge’s judgment on the defendant’s legitimate interests, the degree of defendant’s subjective fault, the way of defendant’s behavior, and the public interest.

• 来自： 董宜君
• 分类： 法学 >> 环境与资源保护法学 法学 >> 宪法学与行政法学
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202407.00535 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202407.00535V2)
  DOI:10.12451/202407.00535
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv202407.00535
• 推荐引用方式： 董宜君.环境污染损害赔偿责任成立中的被告行政违法性.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202407.00535.[PSSXiv:202407.00535V2] (点此复制)