古典诗歌用典论

• 作者： 程羽黑 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  上海交通大学 人文艺术研究院
• 提交时间：2024-07-30

摘要: 用典是中国诗歌的重要特征，早在先秦时代已开始萌芽，当时的用典以直接引用为主。春秋时代的赋诗奠定了以切合情境为主导的用典原则。经过长时间的发展，用典超越了径引成语与史事的阶段。随着成熟的文人诗出现，用典从“套语”中挣脱出来，典故与原文语境的关系也变得密切。诗人由“引 事”而“用事”，致力于以自己的语言运化典故，使其成为作品的有机部分，用典水平成为衡量诗歌的重要指标。典故并不是封闭的“资料库”，而是能通过衍生、扩展、转移等方式与时俱进的有机系统，使古典诗歌长久保持活力成为可能。

Abstract:  The use of allusions is a key feature of classical Chinese poetry． It began as early as in the pre-Qin period， mainly in direct quotations． The composing of poems in the Spring and Autumn period established the principle of using allusions in accordance with contexts． After a long time of development，it went beyond the stage of directly quoting idioms and historical events． With the emergence of mature literati poetry，the use of allusions is freed from“formulae” and allusions have to be closely related to the context of the poems． From“quoting”to“using，”poets are committed to using their own language to convey and make flexible use of allusions，so that the allusions become an organic part of the works，and the skill of using allusions becomes a key index to measure poetry． Therefore，allusions are not a closed “database，”but an organic system that can keep pace with the times through derivation，extension and transfer， making it possible for classical Chinese poetry to maintain vitality for a long time．

• 分类： 中国语言文学 >> 中国古代文学
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《复旦学报（社会科学版）》 2023年 第5期 “中国古代文学研究”专栏
• 引用： PSSXiv:202408.00881 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202408.00881V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202408.00881
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202408.00881
• 推荐引用方式： 程羽黑.古典诗歌用典论.复旦学报（社会科学版）,2023(5).[PSSXiv:202408.00881V1] (点此复制)