轻微犯罪记录封存制度构建论

• 作者： 方涛 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  山东大学
• 提交时间：2024-10-31

摘要: 构建轻微犯罪记录封存制度是因应轻微犯罪治理时代需求，推进中国式法治现代化的重要举措。轻微犯罪记录封存制度旨在通过阻却犯罪记录的获得，进而阻却其被“使用”后可能引发的来自规范层面和非规范层面的双重不利后果。未成年人犯罪记录封存制度虽为我国构建这一制度提供了现实基础与本土经验，但其本质上属于不彻底的封存模式。鉴于犯罪记录兼具公共与个人的双重信息属性，我国轻微犯罪记录封存制度构建的基本模式应采取“从相对封存到彻底封存”的二阶段模式。对于相对封存模式，主要基于罪犯对其犯罪记录享有的个人信息权益，通过限制犯罪记录的查询权限与公开途径，旨在“淡化前科”，并弱化犯罪记录的非规范性评价，从而降低罪犯复归社会的阻力。对于彻底封存模式，旨在帮助轻微犯罪者彻底地恢复其正常的法律地位，同时阻断犯罪记录的非规范性评价，以此助益其实现完全的再社会化。

Abstract: The construction of a system for sealing minor crime records is an important measure to meet the needs of the era of petty crime governance and promote the modernization of Chinese-style rule of law. The purpose of the petty criminal record sealing system is to prevent the acquisition of criminal records, and then prevent the adverse consequences from both normative and non-normative levels that may be caused by their "use". Although the juvenile criminal record sealing system provides a practical basis and local experience for China to construct this system, it is essentially an incomplete sealing model. In view of the fact that criminal records have both public and personal information attributes, the basic model of the construction of the sealing system of minor criminal records in China should adopt the two-stage model of "from relative sealing to complete sealing". For the relative sealing model, it is mainly based on the personal information rights and interests of criminals on their criminal records, and by restricting the access to check and disclosure of criminal records, it aims to "dilute the criminal record" and weaken the non-normative evaluation of criminal records, so as to reduce the resistance of criminals to return to society. In the case of the complete sealing model, it aims to help minor offenders completely restore their normal legal status, while at the same time blocking the non-normative evaluation of criminal records, so as to facilitate their complete resocialization.

• 来自： 方涛
• 分类： 法学 >> 刑法学
• 说明： 尊敬的编辑老师：您好！成果说明：二十届三中全会审议通过《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》，明确提出“建立轻微犯罪记录封存制度”。拙文从宏观、中观、微观层面，对轻微犯罪记录封存制度的构建展开了论述。论文创新点：构建轻微犯罪记录封存制度是因应轻微犯罪治理时代需求，推进中国式法治现代化的重要举措。轻微犯罪记录封存制度旨在通过阻却犯罪记录的获得，进而阻却其被“使用”后可能引发的来自规范层面和非规范层面的双重不利后果。未成年人犯罪记录封存制度虽为我国构建这一制度提供了现实基础与本土经验，但其本质上属于不彻底的封存模式。鉴于犯罪记录兼具公共与个人的双重信息属性，我国轻微犯罪记录封存制度构建的基本模式应采取“从相对封存到彻底封存”的二阶段模式。对于相对封存模式，主要基于罪犯对其犯罪记录享有的个人信息权益，通过限制犯罪记录的查询权限与公开途径，旨在“淡化前科”，并弱化犯罪记录的非规范性评价，从而降低罪犯复归社会的阻力。对于彻底封存模式，旨在帮助轻微犯罪者彻底地恢复其正常的法律地位，同时阻断犯罪记录的非规范性评价，以此助益其实现完全的再社会化。有劳编辑老师辛苦审稿！祝您工作顺利，生活愉快！
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202411.00058 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202411.00058V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202411.00058
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202411.00058
• 推荐引用方式： 方涛.轻微犯罪记录封存制度构建论.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202411.00058.[PSSXiv:202411.00058V1] (点此复制)