真实与谎言：拉夫运河事件下的美国政府信息公开机制

• 作者： 张诗尧 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  中共汉川市委党校
• 提交时间：2024-09-19

摘要: 20世纪70年代发生在纽约州尼亚拉加瀑布城的拉夫运河事件是美国史上一场影响深远的化学污染泄露事件，其处理进程一直延续到21世纪初。一般而言，在环境危机事件中，政府于法于理均应采取积极的信息公开机制以贯彻其职能。然而，面对沉重的媒体和民众的舆论压力，美国政府采取了特定的信息发布策略以进行舆论引导从而减少行政阻力、获得更高的支持率。事实证明，以这种“部分的真相”建构而成的认知误区，对民众心理、社会舆论、决策执行等产生了巨大影响，其效果不仅使美国政府有效解决了危机前期的环境危机和社会问题，也提前完成了对拉夫运河地区的修复与安置工作。本文将从信息公开机制的视角下重新审视拉夫运河事件，一窥美国政府政治虚伪与欺骗的真实一面，并综合该事件中民众-媒体端及政府端运作的被动和无力的原因，从监督机制、制度运作、权利优化、信息阐释、环境教育以及行政与司法间的关系调整五个方面提出相应的应对之策。

Abstract: The Love Canal incident in Niagara Falls, New York, in the 1970s was a far-reaching chemical spill in US history, the resolution process of which continued into the early 21st century. Generally speaking, during an environmental crisis, the government is legally and logically required to adopt a proactive information disclosure mechanism to effectively carry out its functions. However, in the face of heavy pressure from the media and public opinion, the US government adopted specific information dissemination strategies to guide public opinion in order to reduce administrative resistance and maintain its approval ratings. This mechanism, which is full of lies, has proved to have a great impact on the psychology of the people, public opinion and implementation of decisions, and its effect has not only enabled the US government to effectively solve the environmental crisis and social problems in the early stages of the crisis, but also to complete the restoration and resettlement of the Love Canal site ahead of schedule. This paper will re-examine the Love Canal incident from the perspective of information disclosure, and combine other factors to get a glimpse of the truth of the hypocrisy and deception that characterises US government and politics, , and to synthesize the reasons for the passivity and powerlessness of the people, the media and the government in this incident, and to propose corresponding responses in five aspects: monitoring mechanism, system operation, rights optimization, information interpretation, environmental education and the adjustment of the relationship between the administration and the judiciary.

• 来自： 张诗尧
• 分类： 历史学 >> 世界史
• 说明： 本文初稿撰成于2021年6月，后经多次修改，2024年8月4日在中国环境科学学会环境史专业委员会第四届年会暨东西方比较视野下的环境史研究学术讨论会上宣读讨论。
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202409.01588 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202409.01588V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202409.01588
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202409.01588
• 推荐引用方式： 张诗尧.真实与谎言：拉夫运河事件下的美国政府信息公开机制.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202409.01588.[PSSXiv:202409.01588V1] (点此复制)