“ 为何” 与“ 如何” ———对荀子秩序问题的反省

• 作者： 东方朔 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  复旦大学哲学学院
• 提交时间：2024-07-01

摘要:      如何在一个混乱的世界中重建理想的秩序,是荀子和先秦诸子面对的共同课题。在荀子那里,“治与乱”问题呈现出“为何”与“如何”的思考:“为何”是探究根源,“如何”是寻找方法。这构成理解荀子政治哲学的根本线
索。荀子将乱的根源指向“欲多而物寡”的矛盾,故唯有确立以圣王和礼义为核心的政治国家才能从根本上实现止争去乱。在理论上,“如何去乱”所涉及的政治秩序的实现和稳定向来都是“正当性”的评价对象,对“如何去乱”问题的回答便不能仅止于提出一套国家制度和法则规范,还必须提供道德上的证成,而荀子对此并没有完成“正当性”的相关论证。 

Abstract:     One of the common issues that Xunzi and other Pre- Qin philosophers tried to find an answer to is the approach to rebuilding the ideal order in that chaotic world. To Xunzi, this issue was his reflection on “why”and “how”: “why” looked at the “root cause” of chaos, while “how” was the approach to dealing with the chaos. Xunzi’s understanding of the two issues constituted fundamental clues to his political philosophy. Xunzi held that chaos was caused by contradiction between “plenty of desires” against “insufficient material supplies”,and that only by establishing a political state centered on the sage king and propriety and righteousness can conflicts and chaos be eliminated. Theoretically, the realization and stability of the political order concerning the issue of “how” have always been the subject of “legitimacy” evaluation. In other words, to both rulers and the ruled, there should be a moral foundation for the establishment of any political order. Xunzi’ s philosophy to
address the “how” issue, therefore, should not have merely been a set of state systems and legal norms, but should also have provided moral justification for these, and it is this justification that Xunzi failed to offer.

• 分类： 哲学 >> 中国哲学
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《管子学刊》 2024年 第3期
• 引用： PSSXiv:202407.00020 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202407.00020V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202407.00020
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202407.00020
• 推荐引用方式： 东方朔.“ 为何” 与“ 如何” ———对荀子秩序问题的反省.管子学刊,2024(3).[PSSXiv:202407.00020V1] (点此复制)