组织法视域下的股权让与担保及其效力体系

• 作者： 王萌 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  北京大学法学院
• 提交时间：2024-04-10

摘要: 股权让与担保交易中蕴含着合同关系与组织秩序的冲突融合，现有的规范设计和司法实践在定性与识别标准、担保权人法律地位及其权利实现方式等问题上，均体现出契约法思维过度彰显而忽视团体组织法色彩的倾向。股权在利益结构上的复合性、权利转让外观在评价上的重要性以及合同关系在公司治理结构中的涉他性这三个重要因素的影响，使得股权让与担保存在极为明显的组织交易特征，需要区分内外双重法律关系来构建其效力体系。在内部关系上，应当侧重于维护组织体内部的身份秩序，在承认担保权人股东资格的基础上通过比例原则来限制其股东权利的行使，另外亦需要借助强制清算义务的履行来实现商事效率与交易公平之间的妥当平衡。在外部关系上，涉及担保权人对外转让股权、名义股东承担出资瑕疵责任以及强制执行、破产程序等不同情形下的利益冲突，应当在维护相对人合理信赖的基础上，透过类型化的场景区分来实现交易风险的合理分配。

Abstract: There is a conflict between the contractual relationship and the organizational order in the equity transferguarantee transaction. The existing normative design and judicial practice reflect the tendency of over-highlighting the thinking of contract law and ignoring the group organizational law in terms of qualitative and i-dentification criteria, the legal status of the secured party and the way of realizing its rights. The impact ofthree important factors, namely, the complexity of equity in the interest structure, the importance of the appearance of the transfer of rights in the evaluation, and the othemess of the contractual relationship in thecorporate governance structure, makes the transfer of equity guarantee have extremely obvious characteristicsof organizational transactions. In terms of internal relations, we should focus on maintaining the order ofidentity within the organization. On the basis of recognizing the shareholder’s qualification of the secured par-ty, we should restrict the exercise of its shareholder’s rights through the principle of proportionality. In addition, we need to achieve the proper balance between commercial elliciency and transaction fairness throughthe performanee of compulsory liquidation obligations. In terms of extemal relations, confiets of interest indifferent situations, such as the transfer of equity by the secured party to the outside world, the liability of thenominal shareholder for the defeet of capital contribution, and the enforcement and bankruptcy proceedings.should be realized through the classification of scenarios on the basis of maintaining the reasonable trust ofthe counterpart.

• 分类： 法学
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《法学家》 2024年 第2期
• 引用： PSSXiv:202404.00052 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202404.00052V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202404.00052
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202404.00052
• 推荐引用方式： 王萌.组织法视域下的股权让与担保及其效力体系.法学家,2024(2).[PSSXiv:202404.00052V1] (点此复制)